This is a note from the previous classes by professor John Ohala.
[1] Velars tend to be devoiced more easily than labials. Labials have higher compliance than other consonants.
[2] Default perception and source of noise
"slit" sounds like "split" by adding silent in between s and l. This is probably because /p/ is a consonant with the weakest burst, since it has no downstram resonating cavity. On the other hand, apicals have a small cavity through which airjet goes and thereby noise is produced. Another source of noise: when airjet hits the teeth, which is the case of apicals.
[3] Articulatory assimilation vs. homorganical percept?
Replacing 'an' in 'anta' with 'am' in 'ampa' result in a sound perceived like 'anta'. Even if what was articulated is [am], people hear it as [an] in the environment of [t]. This could be evidence for the hypothesis that people perceive homorganically. This also can be related to 'default percept'. Ear mishears, and brain misinterprets. Maybe this is because our ears and brain know what is going on inside our vocal tract? I think both take part in the process of production and perception of human speech, or the speech chain. They are not independent activities.
[4] tiny click in hymnal
When hymnal is whispered, there is a very tiny click sound, which is produced by a small chamber created by gestural transition from /m/ to /n/. This can be heard only when it's whispered because it's very quiet.
[5] F0 modulation
In fact, the difference between cone and co-own is difference in F0.
[1] Velars tend to be devoiced more easily than labials. Labials have higher compliance than other consonants.
[2] Default perception and source of noise
"slit" sounds like "split" by adding silent in between s and l. This is probably because /p/ is a consonant with the weakest burst, since it has no downstram resonating cavity. On the other hand, apicals have a small cavity through which airjet goes and thereby noise is produced. Another source of noise: when airjet hits the teeth, which is the case of apicals.
[3] Articulatory assimilation vs. homorganical percept?
Replacing 'an' in 'anta' with 'am' in 'ampa' result in a sound perceived like 'anta'. Even if what was articulated is [am], people hear it as [an] in the environment of [t]. This could be evidence for the hypothesis that people perceive homorganically. This also can be related to 'default percept'. Ear mishears, and brain misinterprets. Maybe this is because our ears and brain know what is going on inside our vocal tract? I think both take part in the process of production and perception of human speech, or the speech chain. They are not independent activities.
[4] tiny click in hymnal
When hymnal is whispered, there is a very tiny click sound, which is produced by a small chamber created by gestural transition from /m/ to /n/. This can be heard only when it's whispered because it's very quiet.
[5] F0 modulation
In fact, the difference between cone and co-own is difference in F0.
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